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NVIDIA’s design philosophy has shifted from Graphics Rendering to a General-Purpose Computing Platform driven by Tensor Processing and Massive Parallelism.
1. SM Microarchitecture (Streaming Multiprocessor)
The SM is the fundamental functional unit. In 2026 architectures (e.g., Blackwell), it serves as a sophisticated execution engine:
Execution Units: Dedicated cores for FP32, INT32, and AI-optimized FP8/FP4 formats.
Memory Hierarchy: Maximized L2 Cache and Shared Memory to minimize data movement latency.
Thread Block Cluster: Enables direct data exchange between SMs, bypassing traditio